Optical Research Group

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Physical Optics II

M. Škereň

The lecture covers the basics of diffractive optics. It discusses the scalar theory of diffraction and thoroughly analyses approaches of Fresnel, Kirchhoff, Sommerfeld, and others. The rigorous theory of diffraction is also briefly mentioned. The second part of lecture is devoted to optical diffractive structures, thin and volume diffraction gratings, and synthetic diffractive structures. Various approaches to analysis and synthesis of the diffractive elements are discussed. The last part is devoted to optical holography, holographic techniques, recording materials, and various applications of holograms.

summer term, 2+0, exam
details
  1. Introduction - motivation, overview of applications of the diffractive structures.
  2. Scalar theory of diffraction - introduction to the scalar theory of diffraction, approaches of Fresnel, Kirchhoff, and Sommerfeld, inconsistencies of these approaches, elements of the rigorous theory of diffraction.
  3. Fourier optics approach - linear transfer systems, diffraction of light as a transfer system.
  4. Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction - Fresnel and Fraunhofer approximations to the scalar diffraction integral, limitations, examples, analytical solutions, Cornu spiral and other graphical representations, numerical simulations.
  5. Diffractive structures - thin gratings - grating equation, diffraction efficiency of the thin grating, examples, spatially limited gratings, Fresnel diffraction on the thin grating - Talbot effect.
  6. Diffractive structures - volume gratings - volume synchronism, Bragg condition, selectivity of the volume grating, Kogelnik's theory, approximative and rigorous approaches, numerical simulations.
  7. Diffractive structures - general diffractive structures - synthetic holography, various design approaches.
  8. Optical holography - introduction to the optical holography, transmission holograms, reflection holograms, copying of holograms, various recording geometries, rainbow holograms, holographic stereograms, color holograms, applications.
  9. Realization of diffracitve structures - recording materials, preparation and processing - SHG, DCG, polymers, photoresists, synthetic fabrication mehods - e-beam lithography, laser lithography, dynamic elements.